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borrowed_scenery [2011-03-11 09:33] – maja | borrowed_scenery [2011-03-12 11:23] – nik |
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Shakkei (借景 C:jie jing, J:shakkei) was originally codified in the oldest extant Japanese garden manual, the Sakuteiki (作庭記, Sakuteiki "Records of Garden Making"). This text, which is attributed to Tachibana Toshitsuna (橘俊綱, 1028-1094 CE), a son of the Byodoin's designer Fujiwara no Yorimichi (藤原頼通, 990-1074 CE), records the Heian period’s attention to a concept called "mono no aware" (物の哀れ) "the pathos of things". | Shakkei (借景 C:jie jing, J:shakkei) was originally codified in the oldest extant Japanese garden manual, the Sakuteiki (作庭記, Sakuteiki "Records of Garden Making"). This text, which is attributed to Tachibana Toshitsuna (橘俊綱, 1028-1094 CE), a son of the Byodoin's designer Fujiwara no Yorimichi (藤原頼通, 990-1074 CE), records the Heian period’s attention to a concept called "mono no aware" (物の哀れ) "the pathos of things". |
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These four principle tenets guiding Japanese garden organization are, | ==== Four principle tenets guiding Japanese garden organization ==== |
* shotoku no sansui (生得の山水, shotoku no sansui "natural mountain river") intending to create in the likeness of nature | * shotoku no sansui (生得の山水, shotoku no sansui "natural mountain river") intending to create in the likeness of nature |
* kōhan no shitagau (湖畔に従う, kōhan no shitagau "follow the lakeshore") planning in accordance with the site topography | * kōhan no shitagau (湖畔に従う, kōhan no shitagau "follow the lakeshore") planning in accordance with the site topography |
* fuzei (風情, fuzei "feeling of wind") capturing and presenting the ambience | * fuzei (風情, fuzei "feeling of wind") capturing and presenting the ambience |
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Best known (still existing) shakkei gardens in Japan: | ==== jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery" ==== |
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Kyoto: | The Chinese counterpart of shakkei (借景) is jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery". According to the 1635 CE Chinese garden manual Yuanye (園冶), there are four categories of "borrowing", |
| * yuanjie (遠借 "distant borrowing", e.g., mountains, lakes) |
| * linjie (隣借 "adjacent borrowing", neighboring buildings and features) |
| * yangjie (仰借 "upward borrowing", clouds, stars) |
| * fujie (俯借 "downward borrowing", rocks, ponds); respectively Japanese enshaku, rinshaku, gyōshaku, and fushaku. |
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| ====Best known (still existing) shakkei gardens in Japan==== |
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| Kyoto |
* [[http://www.artofjpn.com/kyoto/entsuji.html | Entsuuji 円通寺 and Mt. Hiei 比叡]] | * [[http://www.artofjpn.com/kyoto/entsuji.html | Entsuuji 円通寺 and Mt. Hiei 比叡]] |
* [[http://www.japannet.de/kyoto/higashi/murinan.html | Murin'an 無隣庵 and Higashiyama 東山]] | * [[http://www.japannet.de/kyoto/higashi/murinan.html | Murin'an 無隣庵 and Higashiyama 東山]] |
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| Nara |
Nara: | |
* [[http://www.oct.zaq.ne.jp/mukaitak/jikouin.htm | Jikouin 慈光院 and the Tomio 富雄 River]] | * [[http://www.oct.zaq.ne.jp/mukaitak/jikouin.htm | Jikouin 慈光院 and the Tomio 富雄 River]] |
* [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuien_Garden | Isuien 依水園 and the Great South Gate, Nandaimon,南大門 at Todaiji 東大寺]] | * [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isuien_Garden | Isuien 依水園 and the Great South Gate, Nandaimon,南大門 at Todaiji 東大寺]] |
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Kanagawa prefecture: | Kanagawa prefecture |
* Koki'an 古稀庵 and Sagami 相模 Bay | * Koki'an 古稀庵 and Sagami 相模 Bay |
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The Chinese counterpart of shakkei (借景) is jiejing (借景) "borrow/lend scenery". According to the 1635 CE Chinese garden manual Yuanye (園冶), there are four categories of "borrowing", | |
* yuanjie (遠借 "distant borrowing", e.g., mountains, lakes) | |
* linjie (隣借 "adjacent borrowing", neighboring buildings and features) | |
* yangjie (仰借 "upward borrowing", clouds, stars) | |
* fujie (俯借 "downward borrowing", rocks, ponds); respectively Japanese enshaku, rinshaku, gyōshaku, and fushaku. | |
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==== Penjing ==== | ==== Penjing ==== |